Politics in Nigeria Essay Example for Free

Politics in Nigeria Essay Is there any lesson to be learnt in the war on terror where the proponents vowed never to dialogue or negotiate with terrorists, only to now realize, after the demise of thousands and loss of billions of dollars, that dialogue is the only option left for a lasting peace in Iraq and Afghanistan? Do we see such favour and sensationalism by the press on these botched attempts as we witness when the culprits happen to be Muslims? What would have happened if those Christians had succeeded in carrying out the blast? In a nation where the press in mainly in the hands of people of a particular faith, it is hard to be neutral in their reportage of these kinds of events; especially if it reinforces a stereotype and serves a hot selling item of news. John Akpava was caught with weapons at a Ministerial Press Briefing held at Radio House, Abuja. What would the press have done with this story if John Akpava were a Muslim? A ‘suicide’ bomber was allowed into the premises of the Church of Christ in Nigeria (COCIN), Jos, by a fellow member of the church, who detonated explosives that led to the death of 8 persons; 38 others were seriously injured. The Sun Newspaper of Tuesday, March 6th, 2012 reported that the said Boko Haram suicide bomber was identified by The Defence Headquarters (DHQ), as Mr. Adams Joseph Ashaba, ‘who allegedly masterminded the bombing of the Church of Christ in Nigeria (COCIN) in Jos, the Plateau State capital on February 26, disclosing, that he was actually a member of the Church.’ In another report on Daily Trust of Monday, February 27th, 2012, 8 members of the same (COCIN) were arrested this time in Bauchi with explosive devices desiring to set ablaze the church. Their arrest was almost thwarted by some Christians, but for the timely intervention of the Police. The above examples and that of the arrest of Augustine Effiong of Akwa Ibon origin who was reported by Thisday of May 21st, 2012, to have confessed his involvement in the BUK bombings, should make Muslim and Christian leaders realise that we are all in this together, and that we should work in harmony to bring about workable solution to the problem of insecurity in Nigeria. We have to do this. The problems of this country could only be solved by Nigerians. Yes, we can listen to good advice from abroad, and learn from other people’s experiences on similar matters. The ambivalence of the sacred is not to be seen as a bad thing. A polarised world is the one which should be strange. What we hold dear are not the same; our understanding of who God is and what His Laws are is also varied and diverse. The only thing we can firmly attest to as people is that we are brothers in humanity. The multiplicity of religions is a manifestation of our diverse backgrounds and reasoning. While some are content to worship the air and trees; others worship a fellow being as god. Look at Christianity and Islam for example: In either faith, we have hundreds of sects and variants. Each sect or variant in turn has its own idiosyncrasies and modes of worship and body of beliefs. The realisation that every time you are looking at the number 6 on a table, another sees the number 9 across that table helps to devise means to study and tolerate conflicting ideologies. While Muslims have been stereotypically dubbed as violent, Christians have had their share of stereotypes too. A typical uninformed Muslim thinks all Christians are Crusaders, trying to snuff out the light of Islam. He detests the Christians in his surroundings and distrusts them. When he meets the right Christian, he is confused and disorientated. He asks more and learns; he deepens his understanding and the shallowness of undue hate goes away. We also have stories of Christians referring to Muslims as idolaters and heathens who slaughter a ram every year to their god. One of such ignoramuses even wrote a book he titled â€Å"Who is This Allah?† He used that rare opportunity to show just how ignorant he is. The average uninformed Christian distrusts and despises the Muslims. The irresponsible journalism tactics employed by some media houses have also helped fuel the problem. The annual holidays connected to the Christian faith given by the Federal Government and most state governments are the Christian New Year, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Christmas and Boxing Day. We also have the weekly holidays of Saturday and Sunday to enable them go and worship. On the Muslim side we have the yearly holidays of Eidul Adha, Eidul Fitr and Mawlidun Nabiyy. The Osun state governor decided to give the Muslims their right by making 15th November, which corresponds to 1st Muharram a public holiday. Objectively, no one should have any issues with that; after all, are citizens are equal and what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander; but alas! That was not to be! The Christain owned Punch newspaper wrote an editorial condemning it and saying Nigeria is secular. How convenient! Muslims say he was sent by God as a messenger, bearer of glad tidings and warner against the impending doom of the end of time. They revere him and truly believe in him. They do not elevate him to a rank above prophethood. Any attack on his personality is an affront on their faith. The Muslims believe that Jesus (or ‘Eesa) the son of the Virgin Mary is alive, never died or resurrected, ascended to the heavens until his return, is a great prophet who was born in one of the four ways God perpetuates life. Any insult on him is an affront on the Muslim faith and any who disbelieves in him is not a Muslim. The Christians have two main beliefs about him. One says he is in fact God, Lord and Saviour; a part of a triune while the other contends that he was sent by God but lesser than God. These are clearly opposing views about the same people! Do we go out and persecute those who do not share the same sets of beliefs with us? Only a fool will answer in the affirmative! This madness must stop, and to stop it, we must know ourselves and what we hold dear better; that is no fool’s calling. We know and believe that if more of us know what you and I know today and if more are willing to practise our faiths to the letter, there will be little or no bloodshed. Over centuries Muslims and Christians and Jews have been murdered for the simple reason that they belong to a different faith; we can and must stop it.

Ibn Battutas 1331 Journey to West Africa Essay -- Gender Roles, Mecca

Ibn Battuta’s 1331 journey to West Africa provides a contrast of two worlds: Battuta’s pre-modern Islamic culture conflicting with African societies’ interpretation of Muslim beliefs and tribal traditions. He is especially critical of the various roles of women he observes—thus, allowing us insight into his own judgments formed by his culture and society. A brief summary of his life is paramount in the understanding of Battuta’s impressions and reactions to West African society. Abu Abdallah ibn Battuta was born in Morocco in 1304. By 1325, Battuta embarked on his first hajj, or pilgrimage to the holiest Islamic city of Mecca at age twenty-one (Hamdun, King, p. 1). Although expected to complete this religious duty at least once in his or her lifetime, Battuta accomplished the hajj, â€Å"six or seven times, each time presumably accruing divine merit† (Dunn, p. xvii). Battuta was a part of the ulama, an elite class of Muslim religious and legal scholars who, â€Å"traveled to make the hajj or to further their education in the religious sciences (Dunn, p. xii). Battuta traveled extensively for nearly thirty years, visiting around fifty countries, often multiple times (Dunn, p. ix). He chronicled his lengthy expeditions in the Rihla (Book of Travels), allowing some of the first and only written accounts of Sub-Saharan Afri ca in the 14th century. Battuta’s beliefs regarding status of women in Islamic society is perhaps first alluded to in his account of the MassÃ… «fa of Ä ªwÄ lÄ tan. He chides, â€Å"The condition of these people is strange and their manners outlandish†¦None of them derives his genealogy from his father, but on the contrary, from his maternal uncle† (Battuta, p. 37). Battuta disagrees with the MassÃ… «fa’s tradition of matrilineal derive... ...and counted among his associates eminent scholars, royal officials, rich merchants, and Mongol Kings† (Dunn, p. ix). It is these experiences that also allow us to also extrapolate some of the realities and experiences of the pre-modern Muslim woman. It is these same experiences during this formative period of Islamic society that established and shaped the contemporary Islamic world. Today, just as Ibn Battuta was able to observe other cultures through caravans on camelback, Muslim men and women are now exposed to various cultures in our globalized world through technology without having to travel far. And also just as Battuta, these same men and women are also experiencing the both strengthening and testing of his or her cultural and religious identity. The social constructs of Battuta’s era are being challenged through revolutions and uprisings throughout Islam.

Physical Development Essay

0 – 3 Years oldPhysical Development Birth to 3 Months: 1.1 From birth babies move there heads head’s and arm this moves down through to legs and feet. New Born babies turn their head side to side when their cheek is stroked, which aids in feeding. Babies can turn their head side to side when laying on their backs or belly and can bring both hands together at the chest or mouth at the age of 1 month old. 3 – 6 Months: 1.1 At 3 months of age, babies progresses to lifting their head and chest up when lying on their belly and may press up with its arms. At 3 to 4 months old the baby can kicks their legs and move arms when laying on their backs and also bats and try to grasp at toys, according to Healthy Children. A 5 to 6 months old baby begins rolling belly to back and back to belly closer to 6 months old. 6 – 7 Months:1.3 At 6 months Baby can raise their hands above their body Sits with proper support Begins finger feeding Babbles and laugh Changes tone of voice to express their self Starts to chuckle. Their brains develop enough to form sounds in an effort to communicate. Imitates integration: understands they can get attention y making noise and banging objects. 1.2 At 7 months a normal healthy baby can sit up by themselves, crawl around also hold on to chair or table and pull themselves up to start taking steps. If you place an object like a toy in front of the baby tempting him or her to reach forward to grab the item or toy up. Babies fine their motor skills and also start to improve movement. Babies also like to put toys in their mouths and rub their gums. When it is time for dinner they can also have solid food to eat especially when the babies are been weaned off the mushy baby food. 8 – 12 months According to writer, Stehanie Labandz, Babies also start to utter their first words – despite mum’s best efforts; this is often â€Å"dada†! Initially, babies use â€Å"mama† and â€Å"dada† indiscriminately, but as they get older, they learn who’s who. Reading simple books to your baby now will help their speech and build the vocabulary of words that they can understand. Your baby will be ready for small portions of purà ©ed meat and other proteins, such as lentils. If he seems to dislike a food, wait a few days and try it again. You can also introduce easy-to-grasp finger foods, such as soft bread, banana, cheese and steamed vegetables. Introduce one new food at a time and wait three days before introducing another one, in case of any allergic reaction. Your baby should also start eating lumpier purà ©es at about this age. Babies also learn to take their first steps by holding on to furnitu.re independently while supervised. By now baby has hand to eye coordination and watches you brush your hair then baby can imitate by holding a brush to brush their own hair. They watch you hold a phone to talk and copied your movements. Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/109222-physicaldevelopment-children-ages-years/#ixzz2FIE0iK9v Mar 15.| By Stephanie Labandz http://www.livestrong.com/article/109222-physical-development-children-ages-years 12 months old – 3 years old Weight is now approximately 3 times the child’s birth weight. Respiration rate varies with emotional state and activity. Rate of growth slows. Head size increases slowly; grows approximately 1.3 cm every six months; anterior fontanels is nearly closed at eighteen months as bones of the skull thicken. Anterior fontanel closing or fully closed, usually at the middle of this year. Chest circumference is larger than head circumference. Legs may still appear bowed. Toddler will begin to lose the â€Å"Baby Fat† once he/she begins walking. Body shape changes; takes on more adult-like appearance. 2 years old Physical Development Posture is more erect; abdomen still large and protruding, back swayed, because abdominal muscles are not yet fully developed. Respirations are slow and regular Body temperature continues to fluctuate with activity, emotional state, and environment. Brain reaches about 80 percent of its adult size. 16 baby teeth almost finished growing out 3 year old Physical Development Growth is steady though slower than in first two years. Adult height can be predicted from measurements of height at three years of age; males are approximately 53% of their adult height and females, 57%. Legs grow faster than arms, Circumference of head and chest is equal; head size is in better proportion to the body. â€Å"Baby fat† disappears as neck appears. Posture is more erect; abdomen no longer protrudes. Slightly knock-kneed. can jump from low step can stand up and walk around on tiptoes â€Å"Baby† teeth stage over. Needs to consume approximately 6,300 kJ (1,500 calories) daily 2 – 7 Years old Physical Development 3 year old Physical Development The 3 year old child has develop in many ways and is now balancing They tend to run faster than before and talk more fluently A 3 year old can dress him or her self and sometimes puts clothes on back to front without releasing. They hold a pencil or crayon by gripping with firmly with fingers The coordination eye and hand contact of building brick is now easy for the child Go upstairs and spend time on their own playing with toys Speech is more clearly spoken when having a conversation with family or friends Child can sleep all night dry bed and use the bathroom in the mornings Children at this age can throw a ball and some can catch the ball Riding a tricycle bike is a favourite play time for a 3 year old 4 year old Physical Development A four year child physical development can walk up and down stairs Balance on walking on the wall and walking long distance They can catch a ball and throw a ball also bounce the ball Getting dress in the morning and doing up buttons and zips A four year old can go to the toilet by themselves Some four year can ride a bike without support after learning to balance other ride tricycle bikes, scooters and roller skate A four year old likes to write their names, recognise spellings, they like to paint and draw pictures and tell you what is going on in the picture. They like to run and race each other. 5 year old Physical Development At this age of 5 years old the child goes to school and mixes with other children They can run and jump also run backwards, roll around and spin around They can balance on a low beam, climb up and down climbing frame Swing on a swing by pushing their legs in and out with the wind Play games together that they invent like mummy’s and daddy’s Some children at this age have an imaginary friend who eats’ and plays with them. They like music and can dance to the rhythm of the beat A child at this age will like to help out mum when she is working at home They also like to learn how to bake by mixing the butter and sugar together when mum is baking or even at school. They can write and learn reading and  colours, making building blocks with Lego At this age the child can hold scissors and cut out shapes, use glue and stick paper when making a hat or what ever art work they are creating. 6 to 7 Year old Physical Development When a child has reached the age of 6 years old the child can learn and play more in a shorter time of 30 minutes to 45 minutes. They now like to do work that is set for them such as painting, writing and maths They know who is a boy and who is a girl They know what is fantasy and what is reality Dress and undress themselves at P.E when at school and follow instructions movements They grow at a slower rate now The physical development growth maybe the same pattern as their family history At the age of 6 a child can make connection between feelings and thoughts and action Some children at this age wet him or herself when they get excited At 7 years old a child finds it difficult to make choices special when you take them out they want everything. They are very energetic and love moving around dancing, tapping hand or foot, wiggling they find it hard to sit still. At dinner time they tend to eat with fingers and chat with a mouth full of food Plays on their on and make up a game when playing with toys They have growth spurts at this age. 7 to 12 Years old Physical Development According to Heather Robson a writer, Children at the ages 7 to 12 years old do not grow at a fast rate as they used too in the first 6 years of their life. As they are growing into adolescence. Children between 7 and 12 years old are independent when it comes to physical abilities They have the ability to learn how to sew, help paint a wall if your painting, Children at this age 7 to 12 likes to learn a musical instruments like the Clarinet, Piano, Drumming lessons, read music notes. They also tend to sulk a lot at this age of 7, when they don’t get their own ways and withdraw themselves. When a chid is of 7 years old also get very frustrated when they can’t complete something and fail. At 8 years old they learn to play well at group  games. They also recognize the time of day. They talk about past times to do with themselves. By the age of 9 children can be critical to others. They now enjoy the company of friends outside their homes. They have a dress sense of their own when putting clothes together for themselves. They like their hair cuts or styles in a particular way. They want privacy from younger siblings when they have friend or cousin over at their house and no longer want the younger child/children to play in their games. Their bodies go through changes as they come towards the teenage years When the children get older and reach the age of 10 to 12 years old they begin to change body shapes and sizes. Girls they begin to develop breasts and hips by the age of 10 t0 11 years old Some girls start their periods at the age of 11 or 12 depending on their body development. At this stage in growing up they become anxious about their body and interested in sharing with their friends who age going through the same changes. They are becoming a young woman and are more mature than boys at this age. Girls are following in their mother’s ways of how they developed. Boys at the age of 10 to 12 years old also tend to change body shape and sizes They may notice small pubic hairs start to develop on their body just as girls do. They are at an age when they are more interested in sports and very competitive when playing sports. They love music and dancing show off their best moves of who is better. They want to have muscles in their arms and show their strengths Tend to play among themselves in the play ground at school. http://www.ehow.co.uk/about physical children 7 -12-years.html

Using The Heat Energy Equation - 1804 Words

INTRODUCTION (Pre-lab) What will be the amount of energy contained in specific snack foods? This question will be solved by using the heat energy equation, Q=mCΔT. â€Å"Q or q† will represent the heat in joules, this will be found algebraically by filling in the rest of the heat energy equation. â€Å"m† will represent the mass in grams, this will be found by finding the mass of the water. â€Å"C† will represent specific heat in Joules/grams  °Celsius, the specific heat of water will always be 4.184 J/g °C. â€Å"ΔT† will represent the change in temperature, this will be found by subtracting the final temperature of the water by the original temperature of the water. Capital Q means that heat will be added-endothermic. Lowercase q means that heat will be lost-exothermic. The law conservation of energy says that energy will not be created nor destroyed, but will be converted from one form to another. The percent error equation will be (accepted-experimental) à · (a ccepted), accepted is the Cal/g on the snack food’s package, and the experimental is the Cal/g that is calculated during the experiment. The independent variable will be the Marshmallow, CHEEZ-IT, Cheetos, and Chex-mix. The dependent variable will be the energy in either Joules/grams or Calories/gram because the amount of energy depends on the snack food. The controlled variable will be the amount of water in the calorimeter because the water will be the same amount in every trial. A bar graph will be needed to determine which snack foodShow MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Desalination1345 Words   |  5 Pageschecks on all coursework using plagiarism software. 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